Additional file 1: The Antioxidant Food Table

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Pycnogenol® treatment of acute hemorrhoidal episodes
Gianni Belcaro, Maria Rosaria Cesarone
Phytotherapy Research Published Online: 29 Dec 2009

We investigated the efficacy of orally and topically applied Pycnogenol® for the management of acute hemorrhoidal attacks in a controlled, randomized study with 84 subjects. Within less than 48 h of onset of an acute attack, patients were enrolled and signs and symptoms were scored. This evaluation was repeated after seven days’ treatment and again seven days following treatment cessation. The decrease in scores was significantly more pronounced in the Pycnogenol®-treated groups than in the control group given placebo,showing the
efficacy of Pycnogenol® for relieving signs and symptoms of acute external hemorrhoids.
In a group of patients given topical (0.5%) Pycnogenol® in addition to oral Pycnogenol® the improvement in symptoms set in significantly faster and was more pronounced. The most prominent symptom, hemorrhoidal bleeding, was completely absent in all patients treated with Pycnogenol® for seven days and also at the 14 days follow-up. In contrast, bleedings were still observed in the control group during the two weeks follow-up. This study indicates that Pycnogenol®, both in oral and in topical form, is effective for controlling this common, disabling health problem. The application of Pycnogenol® eases the management of acute hemorrhoidal attacks and help avoid bleedings.

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Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts in patients with knee osteoarthritis,
Kuptniratsaikul V, Thamlikitkul V, et al, J Altern Complement Med, 2009; 15(8): 891-7.

In a randomized, controlled study involving 107 patients with primary knee osteoarthritis, results indicate that supplementation with Curcuma domestica (Turmeric) extract may be as efficacious and safe as ibuprofen in reducing pain and improving function. The patients were randomized to 800 mg/day ibuprofen (n=55) or 2 g/day Curcuma domestica extract (n=52), for a period of 6 weeks. Significant improvements in pain on level walking, pain on stairs, and functions of knee assessed by time spent during 100-m walk and going up and down a flight of stairs were observed in both groups with no significant difference. Additionally, there was no significant difference in adverse events between the ibuprofen and turmeric groups. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, “C. domestica extracts seem to be similarly efficacious and safe as ibuprofen for the treatment of knee OA.

Le problème n’est pas son efficacité mais son assimilation :

Biological actions of curcumin on articular chondrocytes
Y. Henrotin, A.L. Clutterbuck   Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 141-149 (February 2010)

Objectives
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the principal biochemical component of the spice turmeric and has been shown to possess potent anti-catabolic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, properties. This article aims to provide a summary of the actions of curcumin on articular chondrocytes from the available literature with the use of a text-mining tool. We highlight both the potential benefits and drawbacks of using this chemopreventive agent for treating osteoarthritis (OA). We also explore the recent literature on the molecular mechanisms of curcumin mediated alterations in gene expression mediated via activator protein 1 (AP-1)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling in chondrocytes, osteoblasts and synovial fibroblasts.

Methods
A computer-aided search of the PubMed/Medline database aided by a text-mining tool to interrogate the ResNet Mammalian database 6.0.

Results
Recent work has shown that curcumin protects human chondrocytes from the catabolic actions of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 up-regulation, inhibition of collagen type II and down-regulation of β1-integrin expression. Curcumin blocks IL-1β-induced proteoglycan degradation, AP-1/NF-κB signalling, chondrocyte apoptosis and activation of caspase-3.

Conclusions
The available data from published in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that curcumin may be a beneficial complementary treatment for OA in humans and companion animals. Nevertheless, before initiating extensive clinical trials, more basic research is required to improve its solubility, absorption and bioavailability and gain additional information about its safety and efficacy in different species. Once these obstacles have been overcome, curcumin and structurally related biochemicals may become safer and more suitable nutraceutical alternatives to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are currently used for the treatment of OA.

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Red ginseng root extract mixed with Torilus fructus and Corni fructus improves facial wrinkles and increases type I procollagen synthesis in human skin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Cho S, Chung JH, et al, J Med Food, 2009; 12(6): 1252-9.

Summary: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 82 healthy female subjects, results indicate that long-term intake of red ginseng extract mixed with Torilus fructus and Corni fructus (herbal mixture) may improve facial wrinkles and increase collagen synthesis in skin. The women were randomized to 3 g/d red ginseng extract-containing herbal mixture or placebo for 24 weeks. At intervention end, significant improvements in facial wrinkles and wrinkle-related biochemical markers (type I procollagen gene and protein expression increased, MMP-9 gene induction was prevented, and fibrillin-1 fiber length was elongated) were observed. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, “A red ginseng extract-containing Torilus fructus and Corni fructus mixture improves facial wrinkles, a clinical sign of photoaging, and this improvement is associated with biochemical and histological evidence of increased collagen synthesis in the dermis. These results substantiate the alleged beneficial effects of red ginseng on photoaging and support its use as an effective “beauty food.”

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Contre les douleurs articulaires.

Dosage quotidien : 3 capsules de 500 mg de glucosamine sulfate avec 200 mg d’oméga-3 (EPA + DHA).

Effect of Glucosamine Sulfate with or without Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Patients with Osteoarthritis

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Essential Amino Acids Increase MicroRNA-499, -208b, and -23a and Downregulate Myostatin and Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2C mRNA Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle Micah J. Drummond, Erin L. Glynn, Christopher S. Fry, Shaheen Dhanani, Elena Volpi and Blake B. Rasmussen Journal of Nutrition,Vol. 139, No. 12, 2279-2284, December 2009 Essential amino acids (EAA) stimulate muscle protein synthesis in humans. However, little is known about whether microRNAs (miRNA) and genes associated with muscle growth are expressed differently following EAA ingestion. Our purpose in this experiment was to determine whether miRNA and growth-related mRNA expressed in skeletal muscle are up- or downregulated in humans following the ingestion of EAA. We hypothesized that EAA would alter miRNA expression in skeletal muscle as well as select growth-related genes. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis of 7 young adult participants (3 male, 4 female) before and 3 h after ingesting 10 g of EAA. Muscle samples were analyzed for muscle miRNA (miR-499, -208b, -23a, -1, -133a, and -206) and muscle-growth related genes [MyoD1, myogenin, myostatin, myocyte enhancer factor C (MEF2C), follistatin-like-1 (FSTL1), histone deacytylase 4, and serum response factor mRNA] before and after EAA ingestion using real-time PCR. Following EAA ingestion, miR-499, -208b, -23a, -1, and pri-miR-206 expression increased (P < 0.05). The muscle-growth genes MyoD1 and FSTL1 mRNA expression increased (P < 0.05), and myostatin and MEF2C mRNA were downregulated following EAA ingestion (P < 0.05). We conclude that miRNA and growth-related genes expressed in skeletal muscle are rapidly altered within hours following EAA ingestion. Further work is needed to determine whether these miRNA are post-transcriptional regulators of growth-related genes following an anabolic stimulus.

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Une nouvelle étude révèle que les injections de plaquettes ne seraient pas efficaces contre les tendinites :

Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection for Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy
A Randomized Controlled Trial
Robert J. de Vos, MD; Adam Weir, MBBS; Hans T. M. van Schie, DVM, PhD; Sita M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra, PhD; Jan A. N. Verhaar, MD, PhD; Harrie Weinans, PhD; Johannes L. Tol, MD, PhD
JAMA. 2010;303(2):144-149.

Context Tendon disorders comprise 30% to 50% of all activity-related injuries; chronic degenerative tendon disorders (tendinopathy) occur frequently and are difficult to treat. Tendon regeneration might be improved by injecting platelet-rich plasma (PRP), an increasingly used treatment for releasing growth factors into the degenerative tendon.

Objective To examine whether a PRP injection would improve outcome in chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy.

Design, Setting, and Patients A stratified, block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at a single center (The Hague Medical Center, Leidschendam, the Netherlands) of 54 randomized patients aged 18 to 70 years with chronic tendinopathy 2 to 7 cm above the Achilles tendon insertion. The trial was conducted between August 28, 2008, and January 29, 2009, with follow-up until July 16, 2009.

Intervention Eccentric exercises (usual care) with either a PRP injection (PRP group) or saline injection (placebo group). Randomization was stratified by activity level.

Main Outcome Measures The validated Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire, which evaluated pain score and activity level, was completed at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 weeks. The VISA-A score ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores corresponding with less pain and increased activity. Treatment group effects were evaluated using general linear models on the basis of intention-to-treat.

Results After randomization into the PRP group (n = 27) or placebo group (n = 27), there was complete follow-up of all patients. The mean VISA-A score improved significantly after 24 weeks in the PRP group by 21.7 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.0-30.5) and in the placebo group by 20.5 points (95% CI, 11.6-29.4). The increase was not significantly different between both groups (adjusted between-group difference from baseline to 24 weeks, –0.9; 95% CI, –12.4 to 10.6). This CI did not include the predefined relevant difference of 12 points in favor of PRP treatment.

Conclusion Among patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy who were treated with eccentric exercises, a PRP injection compared with a saline injection did not result in greater improvement in pain and activity.

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